Laparoscopic pyeloplasty is a way to perform reconstructive surgery of a narrowing or scarring where the ureter (the tube that drains urine from the kidney to the bladder) attaches to the kidney through a minimally invasive procedure.

This operation is used to correct a blockage or narrowing of the ureter where it leaves the kidney. This abnormality is called a ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) obstruction which results in poor and sluggish drainage of urine from the kidney. UPJ obstruction can potentially cause abdominal and flank pain, stones, infection, high blood pressure and deterioration of kidney function.

• Flank Pain: Pain in the back or side, often severe and persistent.
• Abdominal Pain: Discomfort or pain in the abdomen.
• Frequent Urinary Tract Infections: Recurrent infections due to impaired urine flow.
• Nausea and Vomiting: Associated with kidney pain or infection.
• Reduced Urine Output: Lower than normal urine production.
• Kidney Swelling: A swollen kidney due to the accumulation of urine (hydronephrosis).

Imaging Studies: Includes ultrasound, CT scan, or intravenous pyelogram to assess the obstruction and kidney function.

Preparation: May involve fasting and possibly adjusting medications.

• Anesthesia: The procedure is performed under general anesthesia.
• Incisions: Several small incisions (usually 3-4) are made in the abdomen.
• Instruments: A laparoscope (a thin tube with a camera) and specialized surgical instruments are inserted through these incisions.
• Reconstruction: The surgeon identifies the obstructed segment of the ureter and renal pelvis, removes the obstructed tissue, and reconstructs the junction to restore normal urine flow.
• Closure: The incisions are closed with sutures or staples.

• Hospital Stay: Typically, patients stay in the hospital for 1-2 days, although this can vary.
• Pain Management: Pain is managed with prescribed medications.
• Catheterization: A temporary stent or drain may be placed to ensure proper urine drainage and healing.
• Activity Restrictions: Avoid strenuous activities and heavy lifting for a few weeks post-surgery.
• Follow-Up: Regular follow-up visits are necessary to monitor recovery, remove any stents, and assess kidney function.

• Infection: Risk of wound or urinary tract infection.
• Bleeding: Potential for internal bleeding or hematoma formation.
• Injury to Surrounding Structures: Risk of injury to nearby organs or tissues.
• Leakage or Recurrence: Possibility of urine leakage or recurrence of obstruction requiring further intervention.
• Pain: Some patients may experience persistent pain or discomfort after surgery.

• Minimally Invasive: Less invasive than traditional open surgery, leading to smaller scars, reduced pain, and faster recovery.
• Reduced Recovery Time: Generally quicker recovery with less postoperative discomfort.
• Effective: High success rates in relieving obstruction and improving kidney function.
• Shorter Hospital Stay: Typically results in a shorter hospital stay compared to open surgery.